Romania

Romania

Right	Section	Contents
Freedom of Association	History	Romania protects freedom of association in its first constitution, adopted in 1866. Under Article 27, “Romanians have the right to associate, [in accordance with] the laws that regulate the exercise of this right.” “Constitutiunea Romaniei din 1866.” Constitutia Romaniei, July 24, 2023, https://www.constitutia.ro/const1866.htm.
Freedom of Expression	History	Freedom of expression was first protected by Romania’s current semi-presidential regime through Article 30 of the country’s 1991 Constitution. However, the right was first protected in the land when it was known as the Kingdom of Romania through the 1866 Constitution. “Constitution of 30 June/12 July 1866, as Amended 13/25 October 1876 and 8/20 June 1884.” World Constitutions Illustrated, Heinonline. https://heinonline.org/HOL/P?h=hein.cow/stwar0001&i=525 “The Constitution of Romania.” President of Romania. Accessed July 17, 2023. https://www.presidency.ro/en/the-constitution-of-romania
Freedom of Religion	History	The Constitution of Romania was ratified on 8 December 1991. Articles 4.2, 6.1, 7, 29, 32.7, and 44.4 grants religious freedom, equality, and prohibits religious discrimination. Presidential Administration of Romania. “The Constitution of Romania.” Presidency of Romania . Last modified 2022. Accessed June 24, 2022. https://www.presidency.ro/en/the-constitution-of-romania.
Freedom of the Press	History	Article 30 of Romania’s 1991 Constitution protects press freedom: “The freedom to express ideas, opinions, and beliefs, and the freedom of creation in any form-orally, in writing, through images, by means of sound, or by any other means of public communication-are inviolable…Freedom of the press also includes the freedom to establish publications" (Constitute Project, “ Romania’s Constitution of 1991 with Amendments through 2003” ).
Privacy Rights	History	Today, Article 26 of the 1991 Romanian Constitution protects personal and family privacy: “(1) The public authorities shall respect and protect the intimate, family and private life” (Constitute Project, “Romania 1991 rev. 2003” ). Privacy may have been protected in earlier iterations of the constitution (i.e., 1952, 1965, etc.), but English translations could not be found. https://constituteproject.org/constitution/Romania_ 2003? lang=en
Voting Rights and Suffrage	History	Article 36 of Romania’s Constitution grants citizens over the age of 18 who are mentally sound and have not had voting privileges revoked in court may vote. Articles 62 and 81 state that The Chamber of Deputies and the President are elected via universal, equal, direct, and secret suffrage (Constitute Project, “ Romania’s Constitution of 1991 with Amendments through 2003” ).