Italy

Italy

Right	Section	Contents
Freedom of Association	History	Part 1 Title 1 Article 18 of the Italian Constitution ( 1947) states that: - “Citizens have the right to form associations freely and without authorization for those ends that are not forbidden by criminal law.” - “Secret associations and associations that, even indirectly, pursue political aims by means of organisations having a military character shall be forbidden.”
Freedom of Expression	History	Constitution of 1948 Was the first to protect freedom of expression. “Italy 1948 (Rev. 2012) Constitution.” 2020. Constitute. https://www.constituteproject.org/constitution/Italy_2012?lang=en.
Freedom of Religion	History	The Constitution of the Italian Republic was ratified on 22 December 1947. Article 7 states a separation between the state of Italy and the Catholic Church. Articles 3, 8, 19, and 20 grant religious freedom and equality. Article 8 of the Italian Constitution states: “All religious denominations are equally free before the law” but stipulates that “Denominations other than Catholicism have the right to self-organisation according to their own statutes, provided these do not conflict with Italian law” (constituteproject.org). “Italy 1947 (Rev. 2020) Constitution.” Constitute. Accessed July 21, 2023. https://www.constituteproject.org/constitution/Italy_2020.
Freedom of the Press	History	Article 21 of Italy’s 1948 Constitution protects press freedom: “Anyone has the right to freely express their thoughts in speech, writing, or any other form of communication. The press may not be subjected to any authorisation or censorship” (Constitute Project, “Italy's Constitution of 1947 with Amendments through 2012” ).
Privacy Rights	History	Articles 13-15 grant privacy to people, homes, and correspondence in the Italian Constitution from 1947 (Constitute Project, “Italy 1947 rev. 2020” ). Previous constitutions are from 1848 and 1861, but translations were not found. https://constituteproject.org/constitution/Italy_ 2020? lang=en
Voting Rights and Suffrage	History	Under Article 48, any citizen, regardless of gender, who has attained majority is entitled to vote. The vote is free, secret, and a civic duty. The Chamber of Deputies is elected via universal suffrage, the Senate of the Republic is elected via regional voting, (Constitute Project, “Italy’s Constitution of 1947 with Amendments through 2020” ).