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According to Article 39.2 of the 1993 Constitution of the Kyrgyz Republic as amended in February 1996, "The state shall guarantee everyone a protection from arbitrary and unlawful interference with one's private and family life, infringement of one's honor and dignity, breach of secrecy of correspondence and telephone conversations."
References:
1993 Constitution of the Kyrgyz Republic as amended in February 1996: http://hrlibrary.umn.edu/research/kyrgyzrepublic-constitution.html +
Privacy rights are scarcely protected in Laos. The revised [[Probable year:: 2015]] constitution protects violations of life, body, integrity, and property in Article 42, which has been amended since the implementation of the constitution in [[Probable year:: 1991]] (Constitute Project, “Lao People’s Democratic Republic [[Probable year:: 1991]] rev. [[Probable year:: 2015]]” ).
https://media.bloomsburyprofessional.com/rep/files/laos-constitution-[[Probable year:: 1947]]- [[Probable year:: 1949]]- englishx.pdf
https://constituteproject.org/constitution/Laos_[[Probable year:: 2015]]? lang=en +
Article 96 of the [[Probable year:: 1922]] constitution states “Everyone has the right to inviolability of his or her private life, home and correspondence” (Constitute Project, “Latvia [[Probable year:: 1922]], reinst. [[Probable year:: 1991]], rev. [[Probable year:: 2016]]” ).
https://constituteproject.org/constitution/Latvia_[[Probable year:: 2016]]? lang=en +
The constitution provides no protections for general privacy rights. However, Article 14 does protect the inviolability of the home (Constitute Project, “Lebanon [[Probable year:: 1926]] rev. [[Probable year:: 2004]]” ).
https://constituteproject.org/constitution/Lebanon_[[Probable year:: 2004]]? lang=en +
The [[Probable year:: 1993]] constitution of Lesotho sets forth fundamental rights which are granted to each person in Lesotho in Article 4. In Section 1(g) of Article 4, the right to respect for family and private life is protected. In Article 11, this right is expanded upon and clarified: "Every person shall be entitled to respect for his private an family life and his home." Article 14 guaranteed freedom of interference with correspondence. (Constitute Project, “Lesotho [[Probable year:: 1993]] rev. [[Probable year:: 2018]]” ).
References:
https://constituteproject.org/constitution/Lesotho_[[Probable year:: 2018]]? lang=en +
The [[Probable year:: 1825]] and [[Probable year:: 1847]] constitutions of Liberia did not included mention of privacy rights. The first protection of privacy rights was in the [[Probable year:: 1986]] constitution, Article 16. Article 16 states “No person shall be subjected to interference with his privacy of person, family, home or correspondence except by order of a court of competent jurisdiction” (Constitute Project, “Liberia [[Probable year:: 1986]]” ).
http://crc.gov.lr/doc/CONSTITUTION%20OF%20[[Probable year:: 1847]]% 20final.pdf
https://constituteproject.org/constitution/Liberia_[[Probable year:: 1986]]? lang=en +
The interim constitution of [[Probable year:: 2011]] is the first to grant privacy rights. It does so in Articles 11-13. These articles protect homes, private life, and correspondence (Constitute Project, “Libya [[Probable year:: 2011]] rev. [[Probable year:: 2012]]” ).
https://www.constituteproject.org/constitution/Libya_[[Probable year:: 2012]]? lang=en +
The [[Probable year:: 1862]] constitution alludes to privacy rights in the home in Article 12 (Wright, “Constitution of 26 September [[Probable year:: 1862]]. ”). Today, privacy rights go further under the [[Probable year:: 1921]] constitution, with Article 32 guaranteeing “Personal liberty, the immunity of the home and the inviolability of letters and written matter” (Constitute Project, “Liechtenstein [[Probable year:: 1921]] rev. [[Probable year:: 2011]]” ).
https://books.google.com/books?id=kXBDAAAAIAAJ&pg=PA375&lpg=PA375&dq=[[Probable year:: 1862]]+ Constitution+of+Liechtenstein+full+text&source=bl&ots=6dAZ5MiCdX&sig=YurO0ujdxMdcKsMLT_DfGdxPCm0&hl=en&sa=X&ei=axZlU-b1KorroATU9oG4Cg#v=onepage&q=priva&f=false
https://www.constituteproject.org/constitution/Liechtenstein_[[Probable year:: 2011]]? lang=en +
Articles 22 and 24 grant privacy rights in Lithuania. Article 22 declares the inviolability of the private life, including correspondence and data, and Article 24 protects the home (Constitute Project, “Lithuania [[Probable year:: 1992]] rev. [[Probable year:: 2019]]” ).
https://www.constituteproject.org/constitution/Lithuania_[[Probable year:: 2019]]? lang=en +
The [[Probable year:: 1868]] constitution, since amended, protects private life in Article 3. In Article 15, it protects the home and in Article 28, correspondence (Constitute Project, “Luxembourg [[Probable year:: 1868]] rev. [[Probable year:: 2009]]” ).
https://www.constituteproject.org/constitution/Luxembourg_[[Probable year:: 2009]]? lang=en +
Article 13(1) governs privacy rights in Madagascar. It assures each individual “the inviolability of their person, their domicile and of the secrecy of their correspondence” (Constitute Project, “Madagascar [[Probable year:: 2010]]” ).
https://www.constituteproject.org/constitution/Madagascar_[[Probable year:: 2010]]? lang=en +
The 1964 Malawi Constitution protects the person from search and the home from entry and search at article 17(1). Article 11(c) promises to the citizen of Malawi "protection for the privacy of his home and other property." Article 20(1) protected against interference with correspondence.
The [[Probable year:: 1994]] Malawi Constitution protects personal privacy in Article 21. As defined in the article, personal privacy protects possessions, home, and property (Constitute Project, “Malawi [[Probable year:: 1994]] rev. [[Probable year:: 2017]]” ).
References:
“Constitution of Malawi.” Citizenship Rights Africa. Accessed July 26, 2023. http://citizenshiprightsafrica.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/03/Malawi-Constitution-1964.pdf
https://www.constituteproject.org/constitution/Malawi_[[Probable year:: 2017]]? lang=en +
Data privacy was guaranteed by the Personal Data Protection Act of [[Probable year:: 2010]]. This law came into force in [[Probable year:: 2013]] and is focused on data privacy specifically rather than privacy rights generally.
References:
https://thelawreviews.co.uk/title/the-privacy-data-protection-and-cybersecurity-law-review/malaysia
Malaysia's Constitution of 1957 with Amendments through 2007: https://www.constituteproject.org/constitution/Malaysia_2007.pdf +
Articles 9 and 12 of the are relevant to privacy rights. Article 9 protects the private home: "Private premises and dwellings shall be respected. Such premises and dwellings shall not be trespassed, save under conditions stipulated in the law." Article 12 protects communications: "Letters, correspondence, telephone calls, telegrams and wireless messages
exchanged between person shall not be opened, intercepted, read or divulged, except in accordance with the express provision in the law."
Article 24 of the 2008 Constitution grants the right to privacy in the Maldives. It says: “Everyone has the right to respect for his private and family life, his home and his private communications. Every person must respect these rights with respect to others” (Constitute Project, “Maldives [[Probable year:: 2008]]” ).
References:
1969 Constitution of the Republic of Maldives As Amended to 1975: Peaslee Amos J.; Xydis, Dorothy Peaslee. Constitutions of Nation. The Hague, Martinus Nijhoff.: https://heinonline-org.proxygw.wrlc.org/HOL/Page?collection=cow&handle=hein.cow/ctituson0002&id=723#
2008 Maldives Constitution: https://www.constituteproject.org/constitution/Maldives_2008 +
Various aspects of the right to privacy are protected in Mali’s 1992 Constitution. Article 6 states that “The domicile, domain (people and things), private and family life, secrecy of correspondence and communication shall be inviolable. These areas shall only be touched within conditions preordained by the law.” Additionally, Law No. 15 of 2013 governs the protection of personal data in Mali, and the Mali Data Protection Authority (APDP) monitors data protection in the state (Watt and Itoua, 2024).
References:
“Mali 1992 Constitution.” Constitute Project, translated by Daniel G. Anna. Accessed July 19, 2024. https://www.constituteproject.org/constitution/Mali_1992
Watt, Fatoumata, and Ismael Itoua. 2024. “Mali - Data Protection Overview.” Data Guidance. https://www.dataguidance.com/notes/mali-data-protection-overview +
Article 32 of the Maltese Constitution protects the right to private and family life. Article 38 protects the home (Constitute Project, “Malta [[Probable year:: 1964]] rev. [[Probable year:: 2016]]” ).
https://www.constituteproject.org/constitution/Malta_[[Probable year:: 2016]]? lang=en +
Section 13 of the Marshall Islands’ constitution protects personal autonomy. It says: “All persons shall be free from unreasonable interference in personal choices that do not injure others and from unreasonable intrusions into their privacy” (Constitute Project, “Marshall Islands [[Probable year:: 1979]] rev. [[Probable year:: 1995]]” ).
https://www.constituteproject.org/constitution/Marshall_Islands_[[Probable year:: 1995]]? lang=en +
Article 13(4) protects the right to privacy in Mauritania: “The honor and the private life of the citizen, the inviolability of the human person, of his domicile and of his correspondence are guaranteed by the State” (Constitute Project, "Mauritania [[Probable year:: 1991]] rev. [[Probable year:: 2012]]" ).
https://www.constituteproject.org/constitution/Mauritania_[[Probable year:: 2012]]? lang=en +
The sole constitution of Mauritius from [[Probable year:: 1968]] is limited in what it says about privacy rights. It only protects a person and their property from a search in Article 9 (Constitute Project, "Mauritius [[Probable year:: 1968]] rev. [[Probable year:: 2016]]" ).
https://www.constituteproject.org/constitution/Mauritius_[[Probable year:: 2016]]? lang=en +
Article 7 of the [[Probable year:: 1857]] constitution prevents writers from writing about people’s private lives (World History Commons, “Federal Constitution of the United Mexican States of [[Probable year:: 1857]]” ). Today, Article 16 of the [[Probable year:: 1917]] constitution protects the privacy rights and data privacy in Mexico: “No person shall be disturbed in his private affairs, his/her family, papers, properties or be invaded at home without a written order from a competent authority, duly explaining the legal cause of the proceeding. All people have the right to enjoy protection on his personal data, and to access, correct and cancel such data. All people have the right to oppose the disclosure of his data, according to the law. The law shall establish exceptions to the criteria that rule the handling of data, due to national security reasons, law and order, public security, public health, or protection of third party’s rights” (Constitute Project, “Mexico [[Probable year:: 1917]] rev. [[Probable year:: 2015]]” ).
https://www.constituteproject.org/constitution/Mexico_[[Probable year:: 2015]]? lang=en
https://worldhistorycommons.org/federal-constitution-united-mexican-states-[[Probable year:: 1857]] +