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The [[Probable year:: 1923]] constitution of Egypt protects personal freedom in Article 4, privacy in the home in Article 8, and correspondence in Article 11 (Constitution Net, “Royal Decree No. 42 of [[Probable year:: 1923]] On Building a Constitutional System for the Egyptian State”). Today, these rights are protected in Articles 57 & 58 (Constitute Project, “Egypt [[Probable year:: 2014]] rev. [[Probable year:: 2019]]” ).
References:
“Royal Decree No. 42 of 1923” 1923: https://constitutionnet.org/sites/default/files/1923_-_egyptian_constitution_english_1.pdf
https://www.constituteproject.org/constitution/Egypt_2019?lang=en +
Chapter 16, Section 77 of the 1841 Constitution of the State of Salvador reads: "Every Salvadorean has a right to be protected from inquisitions, compulsory search, and restraints, as regards his person, house, papers, family, and all his possessions."
Article 2 of the [[Probable year:: 1983]] constitution explicitly protects the “right to honor, personal and family intimacy, and one’s own image.” Article 6 allows for free communication as long as it does not violate the private lives of others. Article 24 protects correspondence (Constitute Project, “El Salvador [[Probable year:: 1983]] rev. [[Probable year:: 2014]]” ).
English translation of the Constitution of 1841. 218 (2010) "Chapter XVI: Declaration of the Rights, Duties, and Securities of the Nation, and of Salvadoreans in Particular," Political Constitution of the State of Salvador (1841): 218-222
https://constituteproject.org/constitution/El_Salvador_[[Probable year:: 2014]]? lang=en +
Today, Article 13 of the [[Probable year:: 1991]] constitution protects rights and freedoms. In section 1(g), the right to privacy in communications and the home is protected (Constitute Project, “Equatorial Guinea [[Probable year:: 1991]] rev. [[Probable year:: 2012]]” ). Translations of the [[Probable year:: 1968]], [[Probable year:: 1973]], and [[Probable year:: 1982]] constitutions could not be found.
https://constituteproject.org/constitution/Equatorial_Guinea_[[Probable year:: 2012]]? lang=en +
In its history, Eritrea has only had one constitution and it protects the right to privacy in Article 18. Specific privacies are not mentioned but it is an overarching declaration of the protection of the right: “Every person shall have the right to privacy” (Constitute Project, “Eritrea [[Probable year:: 1997]]” ).
https://constituteproject.org/constitution/Eritrea_[[Probable year:: 1997]]? lang=en +
The [[Probable year:: 1920]] constitution of Estonia protected personal privacy in Paragraph 8. Paragraph 10 protected the homestead and Paragraph 14 protected communications (Wikisource, “Constitution of the Esthonian Republic ([[Probable year:: 1920]]) ”). Today, privacy rights are guaranteed in Section 26 (Riigi Teataja, “The Constitution of the Republic of Estonia”).
https://www.riigiteataja.ee/en/eli/521052015001/consolide
https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Constitution_of_the_Esthonian_Republic_([[Probable year:: 1920]]) +
Article 14(1) names and protects fundamental rights, and subsection C reads “protection of the privacy of the home and other property rights of the individual” (Constitute Project, “Eswatini [[Probable year:: 2005]]” ). Previous iterations of the constitutions from [[Probable year:: 1967]] and [[Probable year:: 1968]] could not be found.
https://constituteproject.org/constitution/Swaziland_[[Probable year:: 2005]]? lang=en +
The [[Probable year:: 1931]] constitution protects correspondence privacy in Article 26 (Ethiopian Legal Brief, “Ethiopian Constitution of [[Probable year:: 1931]]” ). In Article 25, the home is claimed as private. Article 26 of the 1994 Constitution establishes the right to privacy, including in their home and communication: “Everyone has the right to privacy. This right shall include the right not to be subjected to searches of his home, person or property, or the seizure of any property under his personal possession. Everyone has the right to the inviolability of his notes and correspondence including postal letters, and communications made by means of telephone, telecommunications and electronic devices.”
References:
https://chilot.files.wordpress.com/2011/04/ethiopian-constitution-of-1931.pdf
https://www.constituteproject.org/constitution/Ethiopia_1994 +
Article IV Section 5 of the constitution of [[Probable year:: 1978]] says “The right of the people to be secure in their persons, houses, papers, and other possessions against unreasonable search, seizure, or invasion of privacy may not be violated. A warrant may not issue except on probable cause, supported by affidavit particularly describing the place to be searched and the persons or things to be seized” (Constitute Project, “Micronesia (Federated States of) [[Probable year:: 1978]] rev. [[Probable year:: 1990]]” ).
https://www.constituteproject.org/constitution/Micronesia_[[Probable year:: 1990]]? lang=en +
The [[Probable year:: 1970]] Fiji constitution, its first after independence from Britain, protected the right to privacy in the home in Article 3(c) (Constitution Net, “Fiji Independence Order [[Probable year:: 1970]] and Constitution of Fiji”). Today, the [[Probable year:: 2013]] constitution expands the right to privacy from the home to include the right to private and family life, privacy in correspondence, and data privacy in Article 24 ("Constitution of Fiji, [[Probable year:: 2013]]” ).
References:
1970 Constitution of Fiji: https://constitutionnet.org/sites/default/files/1970_constitution.pdf
2013 Constitution of Fiji: https://www.laws.gov.fj/Home/information/constitutionoftherepublicoffiji#:~:text=The%20Constitution%20of%20the%20Republic,the%20procedures%20in%20the%20Constitution. +
Originally, the [[Probable year:: 1919]] Finnish Constitution protected privacy in Section 8 (RefWorld, “Constitution Act of Finland”). Today, Section 10 of the Finnish Constitution protects the right to privacy with similar language. It says, “Everyone's private life, honour and the sanctity of the home are guaranteed. More detailed provisions on the protection of personal data are laid down by an Act. The secrecy of correspondence, telephony and other confidential communications is inviolable” (Constitute Project, “Finland [[Probable year:: 1999]] rev. [[Probable year:: 2011]]” ).
https://constituteproject.org/constitution/Finland_[[Probable year:: 2011]]? lang=en
https://www.refworld.org/docid/3ae6b53418.html +
The right to privacy in France is implied in Article IV of the Declaration of the Rights of Man and the Citizen of 26 August [[Probable year:: 1789]]. Article IV reads, “Liberty consists of being able to do everything that does not harm anybody else: thus the exercise of the natural rights of every man has no boundaries except those that ensure to other Members of the Society the enjoyment of those same rights” (Hardt, Kiiver, Kristofertisch). The Declaration of the Rights of Man is still in force today due to the Preamble of the [[Probable year:: 1958]] French Constitution.
Sascha Hardt, Phillip Kiiver & Gisela Kristofertisch. ([[Probable year:: 2019]]) . Comparative Constitutional Law Documents. “Declaration of the Rights of Man and the Citizen [Declaration des Driots de L’Homme et du Citoyen] of 26 August [[Probable year:: 1789]]” and “Constitution of the V. Republic of 4 October [[Probable year:: 1958]]. ” +
Article 1 of the constitution lays out fundamental rights granted within the state (Constitute Project, “Gabon [[Probable year:: 1991]] rev. [[Probable year:: 2011]]” ). Section 5 of Article 1 protects the privacy of correspondence. Section 12 claims the inviolability of the domicile. The current constitution is based on the [[Probable year:: 1961]] constitution, though it was rewritten in [[Probable year:: 1991]].
https://constituteproject.org/constitution/Gabon_[[Probable year:: 2011]]? lang=en +
Today, Article 15 in the [[Probable year:: 1995]] constitution of Georgia protects the right to personal privacy, personal space, and privacy of communication. Additionally, Article 9 claims the inviolability of human dignity (Constitute Project, “Georgia [[Probable year:: 1995]] rev. [[Probable year:: 2018]]” ).
https://constituteproject.org/constitution/Georgia_[[Probable year:: 2018]]? lang=en +
Article 3, Sections 10-12 of the "Law Concerning the Basic Rights of the German People," from 27 December 1848, asserted some elements of privacy rights. Section 10 defended the inviolability of the home, Section 11 protected papers within the home, and Section 12 defended the secrecy of correspondence outside the context of criminal investigation or war.
Article 117 of the 11 August 1919 Constitution of the German Reich (The Weimar Constitution) guarantees privacy rights: "The secrecy of letters and all postal, telegraphic and telephone communications is inviolable. Exceptions are inadmissable except by Reich law."
Germany Basic Law for the Federal Republic of Germany (The Bonn Constitution), passed in [[Probable year:: 1949]], provides for privacy in a couple of places. Article 1(1) protects an individual’s dignity, and Article 10 protects privacy in correspondence and telecommunications. Article 13 protects the home.
References:
"IV. Fundamental Rights of the German People voted in by the National Assembly in Frankfurt.," IV. Droits Fondementaux du Peuple Allemand votes par l'Assemblee Nationale de Francfort. (1848): 210-211: https://heinonline-org.proxygw.wrlc.org/HOL/Page?handle=hein.cow/zzde0172&id=1&collection=cow&index=
The Constitution of the German Reich / August 11, 1919 / Translation of Document 2050-PS / Office of U.S. Chief of Counsel. Courtesy of Cornell University Law Library, Donovan Nuremberg Trials Collection.
https://digital.library.cornell.edu/catalog/nur01840
Germany Basic Law for the Federal Republic of Germany: "I: Basic Rights ," The Bonn Constitution; Basic Law for the Federal Republic of Germany (1949): 1-7: https://heinonline-org.proxygw.wrlc.org/HOL/Page?handle=hein.cow/zzde0008&id=5&collection=cow&index= +
In the [[Probable year:: 1992]] constitution, still in force today, the right to privacy in the home and correspondence is found in Article 18(2) (Constitute Project, “Ghana [[Probable year:: 1992]] rev. [[Probable year:: 1996]]” ).
https://constituteproject.org/constitution/Ghana_[[Probable year:: 1996]]? lang=en +
Article 9 of the 1975 Constitution establishes the right to privacy in people’s homes: “Every person's home is a sanctuary. The private and family life of the individual is inviolable.” Article 9A provides constitutional data privacy protections
In Article 19 of the 1975 Constitution, the right to privacy in any form of communication is established: “Secrecy of letters and all other forms of free correspondence or communication shall be absolutely inviolable.”
https://www.constituteproject.org/constitution/Greece_2008 +
The [[Probable year:: 1973]] constitution of Grenada, the country’s first, protected the right to privacy in Article 1(c) (Commonwealth Parliamentary Association, “The Grenada Constitution Order [[Probable year:: 1973]]” ). Specifically, it protected the home and other property. Today, the [[Probable year:: 1973]] constitution takes on similar language in Article 1(c) (Constitute Project, “Grenada [[Probable year:: 1973]], reinst. [[Probable year:: 1991]], rev. [[Probable year:: 1992]]” ).
https://constituteproject.org/constitution/Grenada_[[Probable year:: 1992]]? lang=en
https://www.cpahq.org/media/gq5dtcj5/gre_constitution.pdf +
There are two provisions for privacy protection in the [[Probable year:: 1985]] Guatemalan Constitution. Article 23 grants privacy in the home (vivienda) and Article 24 protects correspondence and other documents (Constitute Project, “Guatemala [[Probable year:: 1985]] rev. [[Probable year:: 1993]]” ).
https://constituteproject.org/constitution/Guatemala_[[Probable year:: 1993]]? lang=en +
The [[Probable year:: 2010]] constitution of Guinea protects private life, correspondence, and the home in Article 12: “The domicile is inviolable. It may be infringed only in the case of grave and imminent peril, to evade [parer] a
common danger or to protect the life of the persons. All other infringement, all search may only be ordered by the judge or by the authority that the law designates and in the forms prescribed by it.
The secrecy of correspondence and of communication is inviolable. Each one has the right to the protection of their private life” (Constitute Project, “Guinea’s Constitution of [[Probable year:: 2010]]” ).
https://www.constituteproject.org/constitution/Guinea_[[Probable year:: 2010]]. pdf +
According to Article 19 of the 1973 Gunea-Bissau Constitution"The state shall recognize the right of citizens to the inviolability of the domicile and the secrecy of commerce."
Article 44 of the [[Probable year:: 1984]] constitution grants the right to protection of personal and private life. Article 48 grants privacy in the home and correspondence (Constitute Project, “Guinea-Bissau [[Probable year:: 1984]] rev. [[Probable year:: 1996]]” ).
References:
1973 Guines-Bissau Constitution: https://heinonline-org.mutex.gmu.edu/HOL/COWShow?collection=cow&cow_id=182Guinea-Bissau’s
1984 Guinea-Bissau Constitution: https://constituteproject.org/constitution/Guinea_Bissau_[[Probable year:: 1996]]? lang=en +