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According to section E8 of the Constitution Act of 1982, "Everyone has the right to be secure against unreasonable search or seizure."
References:
Constitution Act of 1982: https://laws-lois.justice.gc.ca/pdf/const_e.pdf +
Article 33 makes violations of privacy inadmissible in court, while Article 38 grants the right to “personal identity, to civil rights, to a name, honor, and reputation, and to personal and family privacy”. Article 41 extends privacy rights to correspondence, and Article 42 extends it to electronic data privacy (Constitute Project, “Cape Verde [[Probable year:: 1980]] rev. [[Probable year:: 1992]]” ).
References:
Cape Verde's Constitution of 1980 with Amendments through 1992: https://www.constituteproject.org/constitution/Cape_Verde_1992 +
In [[Probable year:: 1994]], a new constitution was passed in the Central African Republic. Article 13 granted private communications inviolable and Article 14 did the same for the private home . Today, private communication is seen in Article 16 and the home is inviolable in Article 19 (Constitute Project, “Central African Republic [[Probable year:: 2016]]” ).
References:
Constitution of the Central African Republic, Adopted on 28 December 1994, promulgated on 14 January 1995: https://g7plus.fd.uc.pt/pdfs/CentralAfricanRepublic.pdf
“Central African Republic 2016 Constitution.” Constitute. Last modified 2016. https://www.constituteproject.org/constitution/Central_African_Republic_2016 +
Article 5 of the 1959 Chad Constitution proclaimed the inviolability of the domicile.
Both the [[Probable year:: 1996]] and [[Probable year:: 2018]] Chad Constitutions protect the right to privacy in Article 17 and the right to privacy in communications in Article 45 and 47, respectively.
References:
1959 Chad Constitution: "Title I: Of the State, of Sovereignty and of the Public Freedoms," Constitution of the Republic of Chad 31 March 1959 (1959): 3-4 https://heinonline-org.proxygw.wrlc.org/HOL/Page?collection=cow&handle=hein.cow/zztd0003&id=3&men_tab=srchresults
1996 Chad Constitution: French original text of the Constitution of 1996. 4 (2009)
Chapter I: Of the Freedoms and of the Fundamental Rights
https://heinonline-org.proxygw.wrlc.org/HOL/Page?collection=cow&handle=hein.cow/zztd0001&id=6&men_tab=srchresults
2018 Chad Constitution: https://constituteproject.org/constitution/Chad_[[Probable year:: 2018]]? lang=en +
Article 16 of the 1812 Provisional Constitutional Regulation of Chile offered protections relevant to the right to privacy: "The right that the citizens have to the security of their persons, homes and effects and papers, will be respected; and no orders will be made without probable cause, supported by a judicial affirmation [juramento], and without designating with
clarity the places or things that will be examined or apprehended." Article 224 of the 1822 Constitution of Chile proclaimed the sanctity of "the inviolability of letters and the freedom of private conversations".
The right to privacy is protected under the current constitution. Article 19.4 protects personal life and data: "Respect and protection of the private life and honor of the individual and his family, and specifically, the protection of his personal data. The treatment and protection of these data will be handled in the manner and conditions set forth by law...." Article 19.5 protects the home and communication: "The inviolability of the home and of all forms or private communication. The home can only be searched and the private communications and documents intercepted, opened or registered in the circumstances and manner prescribed by law...."
References:
1812 Provisional Constitutional Regulation of Chile:"Provisional Constitutional Regulation, 26/27 October 1812," Provisional Constitutional Regulation, 26/27 October 1812 (1812): 1-10: https://heinonline-org.proxygw.wrlc.org/HOL/Page?collection=cow&handle=hein.cow/zzcl0108&id=9&men_tab=srchresults
1822 Constitution of Chile: English translation of the Spanish original text of the Constitution of 1822 27 (2013)
Chapter IV: Of the Administration of Justice and of the Individual Guarantees
https://heinonline-org.proxygw.wrlc.org/HOL/Page?handle=hein.cow/zzcl0114&id=27&collection=cow&index=
1980 Chile Constitution with revisions up to 2021: https://www.constituteproject.org/constitution/Chile_2021 +
The 1908 Memorial and Edict on Constitutional Government implied the privacy of the domicile: "Officers and people shall not be disturbed without cause in their possession of property, nor interfered with In their dwellings."
In [[Probable year:: 1975]], the Chinese Constitution protected the right to privacy to the person and the home in Chapter III, Article 28 (Constitution of the People’s Republic of China, [[Probable year:: 1975]], 39). Today, Articles 38-40 protect privacy in China. Article 38 is for personal dignity, 39 for the home, and 40 for correspondence (Constitute Project, “China (People’s Republic of) [[Probable year:: 1982]] rev. [[Probable year:: 2018]]” ).
References:
1908 Memorial and Edict on Constitutional Government: English translation of the Edict of 1908 191 (2012) Memorial and Edict on Constitutional Government, August 27, 1908 https://heinonline.org/HOL/Page?collection=cow&handle=hein.cow/zzcn0021&id=3&men_tab=srchresults
1975 Constitution of the People's Republic of China: https://china.usc.edu/sites/default/files/article/attachments/peoples-republic-of-china-constitution-1975.pdf
China (People’s Republic of) 1982 (rev. 2018): https://constituteproject.org/constitution/China_2018 +
Article 169 of the 1821 Constitution of the Republic of Colombia protected the privacy of the home, and article 170 of that Constitution protected the privacy of correspondence.
The [[Probable year:: 1991]] Colombian constitution is very explicit in its privacy protections in Article 15. Section 1 grants privacy to people and family life, section 2 is for data privacy, section 3 is for correspondence (Constitute Project, “Colombia [[Probable year:: 1991]] rev. [[Probable year:: 2015]]” ).
References:
1821 Constitution of the Republic of Colombia: English translation of the Spanish original text of the Constitution of 1821 718 (2009) Title VIII: General Regulations: https://heinonline.org/HOL/Page?handle=hein.cow/zzco0007&id=21&collection=cow&index=#
1991 Colombia Constitution (rev. 2015): https://constituteproject.org/constitution/Colombia_2015 +
Today, privacy provisions are in Article 26 and Article 27, which grant privacy in the home and correspondence (Constitute Project, “Comoros [[Probable year:: 2018]]” ). Before this constitution, similar clauses were in the [[Probable year:: 1996]] constitutional preamble, drawn from the United Nations Universal Declaration of the Rights of Man (Constitution Net, “CONSTITUTION of the FEDERAL ISLAMIC REPUBLIC OF THE COMOROS”).
https://constituteproject.org/constitution/Comoros_[[Probable year:: 2018]]? lang=en
http://constitutionnet.org/sites/default/files/Comoros%20Constitution.pdf +
Today, privacy rights are protected in Articles 23 (the home) and 24 (communications and intimacy) (Constitute Project, “Costa Rica [[Probable year:: 1949]] rev. [[Probable year:: 2020]]” ).
https://constituteproject.org/constitution/Costa_Rica_[[Probable year:: 2020]]? lang=en +
Article 34 of the [[Probable year:: 1991]] constitution protects the home. Article 35 protects personal and familial life, as well as dignity. Article 36 protects correspondence (Constitute Project, “Croatia [[Probable year:: 1991]] rev. [[Probable year:: 2013]]” ).
https://constituteproject.org/constitution/Croatia_[[Probable year:: 2013]]? lang=en +
The [[Probable year:: 2019]] constitution protects personal and familial privacy in Article 48, the home in Article 49, and correspondence in Article 50 (Constitute Project, “Cuba [[Probable year:: 2019]]” ). Privacy was not in the previous Cuban constitution of [[Probable year:: 1976]] (Constitute Project, “Cuba [[Probable year:: 1976]] rev. [[Probable year:: 2002]]” ).
https://constituteproject.org/constitution/Cuba_[[Probable year:: 2019]]? lang=en
https://constituteproject.org/constitution/Cuba_[[Probable year:: 2002]]? lang=en +
Article 15 of the [[Probable year:: 1960]] constitution reads: “Every person has the right to respect for his private and family life.” Article 16 expands these protections to the home, as Article 17 expands them to correspondence and communication (Constitute Project, “Cyprus [[Probable year:: 1960]] rev. [[Probable year:: 2013]]” ).
https://constituteproject.org/constitution/Cyprus_[[Probable year:: 2013]]? lang=en +
Article 7(1) of the [[Probable year:: 1993]] constitution guarantees the inviolability of persons and private life. Article 10 protects life from intrusion by others, and it also protects data privacy (Constitute Project, “Czech Republic [[Probable year:: 1993]] rev. [[Probable year:: 2013]]” ).
https://constituteproject.org/constitution/Czech_Republic_[[Probable year:: 2013]]? lang=en +
The personal right to privacy is granted in Article 31 of the [[Probable year:: 2005]] Constitution, while the home is protected under Article 29 (Constitute Project, “Congo (Democratic Republic of the) [[Probable year:: 2005]] rev. [[Probable year:: 2011]]” ). Before this, the right to privacy in home and correspondence were granted in the Zaire [[Probable year:: 1990]] constitution (amended from a previous version, though unclear which previous version) in Articles 22 & 23 (World Statesmen, “Complete Text of the Zairian Constitution After the Enactment of Law No. 90-002 of July 5, [[Probable year:: 1990]] Concerning the Modification of Certain Provisions of the Constitution”).
https://constituteproject.org/constitution/Democratic_Republic_of_the_Congo_[[Probable year:: 2011]]? lang=en
https://www.worldstatesmen.org/Zaire[[Probable year:: 1990]]. pdf +
In the 1953 constitution, Article 72 protects the right to privacy in the home, while also preventing the search of private communications. It states that “The dwelling shall be inviolable,” which includes “house searching, seizure, and examination of letters and other papers.” (Constitute Project, “Demark [[Probable year:: 1953]]” ) The general form of the constitution derives from the [[Probable year:: 1849]] Danish Constitution (Danish Parliament, “The Constitutional Act of Denmark”).
References:
1849 Constitutional Act of Denmark: https://www.constituteproject.org/constitution/Denmark_1953
1953 Denmark Constitution: https://www.thedanishparliament.dk/en/democracy/the-constitutional-act-of-denmark +
Today, the right to privacy in the home and communications are protected in the [[Probable year:: 1992]] constitution Articles 12 & 13. Personal life is not protected (Constitute Project, “Djibouti [[Probable year:: 1992]] rev. [[Probable year:: 2010]]” ).
https://constituteproject.org/constitution/Dominica_[[Probable year:: 2014]]? lang=en +
Article 1(c) of the only constitution Dominica has had, written in [[Probable year:: 1978]], protects the right to privacy in the home. Article 7(1) protects privacy during a search (Constitute Project, "Dominica [[Probable year:: 1978]] rev. [[Probable year:: 2014]]" ).
https://constituteproject.org/constitution/Dominica_[[Probable year:: 2014]]? lang=en +
In the 2015 constitution, Article 44 establishes a right to privacy and personal honor: In respect to right to privacy it reads “all people have the right to privacy. The respect and non-interference into private and family life, the home, and private correspondence are guaranteed.” The constitution has established that the “home and domicile and all private premises of the person are inviolable,” in addition to the recognition that people’s documents should be private: “The inviolability of private correspondence, documents, or messages in physical, digital, electronic, or all other formats is recognized.”
The right to personal honor is established by “the right to honor, good name, and one’s own image are recognized. All authorities or individuals who violate them are obligated to compensate or repair them in accordance with the law.”
https://www.constituteproject.org/constitution/Dominican_Republic_2015 +
The Constitution of East Timor, or Timor-Leste, protects the right to private life, home, and communication during evidence collection in Article 34, privacy in general in Article 36, and privacy in the home and communication in Article 37. The text of Section 36 is noteworthy for the generality of its protection:
"Every individual has the right to honour, good name and reputation, protection of his or her public image and privacy of his or her personal and family life."
References:
2002. Constitution of the Democratic Republic of Timor-Leste. http://timor-leste.gov.tl/wp-content/uploads/2010/03/Constitution_RDTL_ENG.pdf. +
Article 65 of the 1830 Constitution protected the inviolability of the home: "The house of a citizen is inviolable -therefore cannot be broken into except in cases and requirements prevented by law."
The 1869 Constitution defended the right of inviolability of the home in similar terms in Article 105, and asserted protection of the privacy of correspondence in Article 107: "Epistolary correspondence is inviolable. Papers or goods belonging to private persons cannot be opened, intercepted, or examined, excepting in the cases specified by the law."
The 1897 Constitution offered a similar defense of privacy of correspondence, but applied the guarantee more broadly: "Epistolary and telegraphic correspondence is inviolable, and may not be made use of in trials for political offences. It is
forbidden to intercept, open, or register papers or effects which are private property, except in the cases indicated by law."
Article 11(3) of the 2008 Constitution enforces and protects the rights put forth by the constitution and international treaties: “The rights and guarantees set forth in the Constitution and in international human rights instruments shall be directly and immediately enforced by and before any civil, administrative or judicial servant, either by virtue of their office or at the request of the party”. In Chapter 6, Rights to Freedom, Article 66, Sections 11 and 19-22 set out more specific privacy regulations in terms of convictions, correspondence, the home, personal data, and privacy rights (Constitute Project, “Ecuador [[Probable year:: 2008]] rev. [[Probable year:: 2021]]).
References:
1830 Constitution of Ecuador: English translation of the original Constitution of 1830. 15 (2017) Part VIII: Civil Rights and Guarantees https://heinonline-org.proxygw.wrlc.org/HOL/Page?collection=cow&handle=hein.cow/zzec0081&id=15&men_tab=srchresults
1869 Constitution of Ecuador: English translation of the original Constitution of 1869 1244 (2010) Title XI: Of Guarantees https://heinonline-org.proxygw.wrlc.org/HOL/Page?collection=cow&handle=hein.cow/zzec0003&id=16&men_tab=srchresults
1878 Constitution of Ecuador: Spanish text of the constitution of 1878 414 (2017) Section III: Guarantees
https://heinonline-org.proxygw.wrlc.org/HOL/Page?collection=cow&handle=hein.cow/zzec0056&id=1&men_tab=srchresults
2021. “Ecuador 2008 (Rev. 2021) Constitution.” 2021. ConstitutionNet. https://www.constituteproject.org/constitution/Ecuador_2021?lang=en.